河南专升本英语非谓语动词语法知识点

2023年07月14日 10:35:30
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  2023年河南专升本考试已经结束,2024年正在备考的考生请注意,下面库课李老师给考生整理了河南专升本英语非谓语动词语法知识点,请考生认真查看,争取考出高分。

  河南专升本英语非谓语动词语法知识点

  独立主格结构考点分析

  独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语) 构成。在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子,具有以下特征:

  独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句。可表示时间、原因、条件、行为或者伴随情况。

  独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾。

  独立主格结构主要用于书面语。

  独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中语法主语不同,不指同一个人或者同意事物。

  做题要点:若名词/代词与非谓语构成主动关系,用 doing 或 having done; 若名词/代词与非谓语构成被动关系,用 done 或 having been done. 而 having done 与 having been done 强调非谓语发生在主句谓语之前。

  一、独立主格结构的构成

  “With/Without+名词/代词(宾格)+分词,句子”。如:

  With any money left, he had no choice but to borrow from his friend.

  由于手头拮据,他只得向他的朋友借了一些钱。

  With him sitting next to her, he felt safe.

  有他坐在旁边,她感到很安全。

  【例】The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back. [2012] A being tied B having tied C to be tied D tied

  【解析】D. “with/without+名词/代词(宾格)+分词,句子”结构,属于独立主格结构,选项要用分词形式。hands 与 tie 应该是被动关系,选项中只有 D 是被动。那个杀人犯被带了进来,他的手被绑在身后。

  名词(或代词主格)(逻辑主语)+分词,句子。如:

  Meeting finished, they went to the news reference. 会议结束后,他们去了新闻发布会。

  The sun having risen, the fog soon disappeared. 太阳升起来了,雾很快就消散了。

  【例】She heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room, her heart fast.[2012]

  A. beat B. beats C. beating D. beaten

  【解析】C. 考独立主格结构,故排除 B。因空前有名词 heart,而 heart 与 beat 是主动关系,用 beating. 她听到来自隔壁房间的连续不断的古怪的声音,心跳的好快。

  【例】A new technique , the output as a whole increased by 20 percent.[2012]

  A. working out B. having worked out

  C. to have been worked out D. having been worked out

  【解析】D. 考我们独立主格结构,空前有名词 technique,而 technique 与 work out 是被动关系,故只能选择

  D。一项新的技术被应用后,总体产量上升了 20%。

  名词(逻辑主语)+介词短语/形容词/副词,句子。如:

  Book in hand, the teacher entered into the classroom. 老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。

  He walked out of the room, face red with anger. 他走出房间,气的脸通红。

  二、独立主格结构的句法功能

  作时间状语。如:

  My work having been finished, I went home. 我干完工作后就回家了。

  The meeting over, they left the hall. 会议结束后,他们离开了大厅。

  做原因状语。如:

  My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.

  我的表丢了,我不知道现在是几点。

  There being no bus, we had to walk home.

  没有公共汽车,我们只好走路回家。

  条件状语。如:

  Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.

  如果时间允许,我就和你去看电影。Weather permitting, we shall go outing. 如果天气允许,我们就去郊游。

  描述伴随行为或补充说明。如:

  Mary entered the room , with a big apple in hand.

  玛丽手里拿着一个大苹果走进了房间。

  He was doing his homework, his father sitting aside.

  他正在做家庭作业,父亲坐在身边(陪着)。