2025年河南专升本英语【动词1】常考知识点
动词
考点一：情态动词
情态动词部分重点考查情态动词的基本含义及情态动词+have done 的用法。
1. 情态动词+have done 表对过去的推测
(1)must 必须，肯定must have done 一定已经做了某事，表示对过去情况的肯定猜测，用于肯定句中。
【例】From what you said, she must have told you all about it.
(2)can/could 能力，可能can/could have done 可能做过某事，can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能已经做了某事，表示对过去情况的肯定猜测，多用于否定句。
【例】I think that he can’t/ couldn’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
(3)may/might 可以，可能may/might have done 可能做过某事，may/might not have done 过去可能没做某事，表示对过去情况的猜测，一般不用于疑问句中。
【例】John may/ might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.
2. 情态动词+have done 表虚拟语气
(1)should/ought to 应该，应当should/ought to have done 过去本应该做某事却未做shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have done 过去本不该做某事却做了
【例】I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn’t.
(2)need 需要，必须need have done 过去本有必要做某事却未做needn’t have done 过去本没必要做某事却做了
【例】I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday.
(3)could 能力，可能could (不能用 can) have done 过去本能够做某事却未做couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了某事(可以表虚拟语气，也可以表推测)
【例】We could have done it all much better
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考点二：动词的时态语态
1. 常考易混时态
(1)现在完成时：表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作，或表示开始在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去的动作。①构成：has/have done②时间标志词：since, already, for+一段时间, by far, so far, by now, up to now, in thepast few years, before 等。
【例】Great changes have taken place in China since 1949.
(2)过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。①构成：had done②时间标志词：by+过去的时间(by yesterday, by the end of last week)，或者由 when,before, after, by the time+一般过去时的状语从句。
【例】He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.
(3)将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。①构成：shall(第一人称)/will(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词(done)②时间标志词：by+将来的时间(by tomorrow, by the end of next week)，或者由 when,before, after, by the time+一般现在时的状语从句。
【例】You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
2. 被动语态特殊用法
主动形式表达被动意义：(1) want/ need/ require/ be worth + doing
【例】The window wants/ needs/ requires repairing.
(2) 感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel 及系动词 remain, prove, turn out 等。
【例】The apples taste good. 这些苹果味道很好。
【例】Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来柔软。
(3) cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash(表示主语的内在品质或性能时)等。
【例】This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。
【例】These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。动词时态语态的答题步骤：
(1)先语态后时态;
(2)阅读题干，勾画时间标志词(没有标志词的根据句中其他动词形式把握句意);(3)根据标志词或句意选择合适的时态;
(4)注意特殊用法，如主将从现、主动表被动。
