福建专升本英语语法:主谓一致(一)
福建专升本考试汇总,大学英语是每个类别必考的。而英语这门科目,词语用法与语法结构是重要的考核内容。库课小编接下来将语法相关知识点进行整理,方便同学们学习。今天分享的是主谓一致(一)
NO.1 主谓一致
指的是谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。总体分三个:
语法一致——即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。
意义一致——谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。
就近一致——谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
>>> 语法一致:
(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,
例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例:Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例:Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
例:A lot of people are dancing outside.
(5)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。
例:Is everybody ready?
(6)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例:Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
例:Here are some new pairs of shoes.
>>> 专升本考点&难点
【就远原则】
由with, as well as等词或词组修饰的单数名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词一致。
做主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时,谓语动词仍用单数形式:with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, be accompanied by(伴随着),rather than(而不是),but,except(除了)
即:A单 as well as B单/复 VA单
‚例:The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame.比起他的员工,这位老板更应该受到谴责。
【就近原则】
连词or等连接两个名词(或代词)做主语时,主语和谓语一致。or, either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also....
例:Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.
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