教师招聘考试试题及答案(英语学科-阅读理解C）

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　　C

　　The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?

　　Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.

　　The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.

　　In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable”.

　　Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.

　　The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

　　1. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

　　A. It is a highly profitable industry.

　　B. It is based on the concept of positive thinking.

　　C. It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.

　　D. It has yielded positive results.

　　2. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

　　A. Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.

　　B. There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.

　　C. Unhappy people cannot think positively.

　　D. The power of positive thinking is limited.

　　3. What does the author mean by “… you’re just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para. 3)?

　　A. You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.

　　B. You are pointing out the errors he has committed.

　　C. You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.

　　D. You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.

　　4. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?

　　A. It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.

　　B. Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.

　　C. Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.

　　D. People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.

　　5. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A. The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.

　　B. Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.

　　C. Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.

　　D. People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.

　　【答案解析】

　　1.【答案】B。解析：考查细节理解题。根据首段第一句“The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like ‘I never do anything right’ into positive ones like ‘I can succeed.’选项中的 based on 与文中的 built on 同义。故选 B。

　　2.【答案】A。解析：考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better”，cause of a tragedy 与选项中的 cause of the crash一致。抓住关键词“opposite effect; feel worse, not better”，答案即可一目了然。故选 A。

　　3.【答案】C。解析：考查推理题。本题关键是正确理解文章中两个单词“underline (加强，强调)”与“dim(迟钝的，愚笨的)”。选项 B 中的 point out 是“指出”之意，与文章中的 underlining 意思不符。

　　4.【答案】C。解析：考查推理题。根据第五段 Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts。抓住关键词“didn’t feel better; darker”。

　　5.【答案】B。解析：考查推理题。根据文章最后两句可以看出 meditation 可以作为一种新的心理治疗方法，在某些方面甚至比 positive thinking 更管用。